Dear @Clarion,
I assume you have withdrawn or plan to withdraw your asylum application in order to receive a permit as a parent of a German child.
To firstly clarify about the asylum process: it is true that an asylum seeker is not obliged to obtain a passport while still in the asylum process. If, however, they are already in possession of a passport, they are obliged to submit it to the authorities.
Possessing a passport is a requirement to receive the permit as parent to a German child. If you have a passport, you are obliged to submit it. If you have already submitted it to the Standesamt, they may have already shared this information with the Ausländerbehörde as authorities are in some cases obliged to share such information.
The permit as parent of a German child is a legal entitlement if you have custody rights. This means there is no discretion available on the part of the authorities whether to issue it or not, unlike with other types of permits. They could only refuse it in cases where a person has been involved in serious criminality.
Best,
Éanna