Dear @wiwi,
Welcome back at Wefugees and thank you for reaching out to us again.
In general, asylum seekers must hand over any documents (passport and other relevant documents) that they possess to the authorities. In addition, they have a particular duty to cooperate in clarifying their identity and to tolerate appropriate identification measures. However, it is recognised that asylum seekers cannot, in principle, be obliged to approach the authorities in their country of origin during the procedure because contact with the potential persecutor would mean that they would abandon their asylum claim. They are therefore not obliged to obtain a passport, for example.
If I remember correctly from your last post, your asylum application got rejected, right? As I described in that thread, as the spouse and father of German nationals you could apply for a residence permit according to section 28 of the German Residence Act. For this, the submission of a passport is required. However, I cannot rule out the possibility that the fact that you have not handed in your passport over time could have consequences.I am not a lawyer and we can not provide legal counselling (only general information) here. Therefore, I highly recommend to get in touch with a migration counselling office for support and clarification.
I hope this helps and all the best,
Meike