Dear @refugee-berlin1601,
As you have resigned the job, the rule is generally to block your entitlements to unemployment benefit type 1 (Arbeitslosengeld I) for three months. However, before this happens you will have the opportunity to explain why you resigned to the Agentur für Arbeit. They will most likely send you a letter called a hearing asking you to explain (in German this is called an 'Anhörung'). They then make a decision whether to block you or not. I advise you to keep a record of the job offer and send them a copy of this as proof.
If you are blocked, you may be entitlement to the unemployment benefit type II (Arbeitslosengeld ii, now called Bürgergeld) from the Jobcenter during the time you are blocked. This depends on your residency status.
You may wish to **** into the legality of the fact that the job offer was withdrawn and whether the planned employer has any obligations to you. Here is some relevant information from a good website which explains workers' rights in Germany for non-Germans:
https://***.faire-integration.de/en/article/108.1-how-is-a-contract-of-employment-formed.html
Best,
Éanna
Best,