Hallo,
as far as I understand you lived illegally in Germany after you didn't go to Bayern. Normally if you get married, the Standesamt sees if you stay legally or not. Did they ask no questions as they checked the documents for your marriage? You had a new passport but they could still check if you have right to be here as a foreigner.
If you have a number of your file in BAMF (it is the case if you've already made an official application for asylum, not just had the first registration), it is possible to write them and ask about a situation with your asylum application.
Anyway you have to come out of illegality and it can have negative consequences. Even if your husband is a German, the ausländerbehörde can claim that you must go to Brazil and make a visum procedure for the family reunion. And if they make a penalty for illegal staying, it can be a problem for getting a residence permit.
I think you can be in need of a good lawyer and anyway of a good personal consulting.