Hi @blaumeise
Yes, Israeli citizens can apply for asylum in Germany. Asylum applications are assessed on a case-by-case basis so the authority responsible, BAMF, would **** at your individual situation and the conditions in Israel in order to decide whether to grant you refugee protection in Germany.
According to a media article I read, the numbers of Israelis who apply for asylum in German is quite small. Among that number, a small proportion received a refugee status. Those figure are, however, from before the current conflict.
Here you can read the article (in English via online translation):
https://***-rnd-de.translate.goog/politik/krieg-in-israel-zentralrat-der-juden-rechnet-nicht-mit-fluechtenden-JOBDSWRXUBBGDFDKUH4BZUAMDM.html?_x_tr_sl=de&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=wapp
This is a good source of information on the asylum system in Germany:
https://handbookgermany.de/en/asylum
Best,
Éanna